| (1) Capacity Building: |
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Capacity Building as the means by which the abilities of
the target group to plan and implement development
activities is enhanced, thereby leading to sustainable
development processes. Capacity building comprises
activities which result in transfer of knowledge, skills
and attitudes from one person or a group to another
person or a group thereby enabling the recipient to
improve performance in the work that he/she is supposed
to undertake. Capacity Building also has specific target
groups. These include individuals who are part of the
project primarily the communities who are implementing
the project, the staff at the various organization.
Equally important are the institutions that support
these individuals. The CB strategy addresses both these
groups. The capacity building plan divided into three
major categories these are as follows: |
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(A) Community Empowerment and Management |
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Odisha Tribal
Empowerment & Livelihoods Programme is a community
driven participatory developmental programme. Entire
programme is planned, executed and monitored by the
communities. Numbers of community based organizations (CBOs)
have formed / strengthened for optimum utilization of
resources in addressing the issues of tribal empowerment
& food security. The representatives of villages level
institutes require great deal of understanding on the
programme components, implementation modalities and
effective management. All sort of capacity building inputs such as trainings,
exposures, cross learning, community meets, street
plays, wall writing etc. has been organizing to prepare
the communities to understand the programme components,
implementation modalities and skills require for
effective management of the CBOs in sustainable way
which is covered under the head of Community Empowerment
and Management. Basically trainings on NRM activities,
gender sensitization , infrastructure maintenance,
tribal rights, leaderships, group discussions, accounts
keeping, and community monitoring system are conducted.
The members of VDA/VDC/VLSC/SHG/UG/CIG & Village
volunteers have been trained in various manners for
their capacity building and Skill development through
various trainings under Land & water management ,
agriculture & horticulture, Livestock & pisiculture,
Participatory forest management, Non-farm activities and
vocational training to youth. |
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(B) Skill up gradation of beneficiaries |
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Capacity buildings inputs include trainings and
exposures in order to upgrade the skills of
beneficiaries (primary stakeholders) for execution of
different activities under the programme for enhanced
livelihoods such as production enhancement components
(L&W, Agri, Horti, Pisci-culture, PFM, CIF etc.) and
income generating activities (RFS) etc. Skill based
trainings, exposures, demonstrations etc. has been
Organized based on interventions proposed by the
communities under Annual Work Plan and Budget. Capacity
Building inputs under this component is mostly covered
during implementation phase (3-5 yrs) of programme
cycle. Different resource institutes / organizations and
resource persons for organizing training programme in
different thematic areas are identified and respective
SMSs, ITDA to facilitate the tie up arrangement with the
F.NGOs for smooth organization of the trainings. |
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(C) Capacity Building for staff of F.NGOs & Support
Agencies |
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Effective implementation of programme activities by the
villagers in a participatory approach largely depends on
the quality facilitation support from the staff of
Facilitating NGOs. All the WDT members and Community
Mobilisers are trained on participatory planning
processes, facilitative role in micro planning
processes, understanding on governance, gender and
equity issues. They are also required to expose
different govt. and non govt. schemes relating to
empowerment and livelihoods.
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(2) Land & Water Management: |
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The Soil and Water Conservation works is the most
important interventions required for development of
Micro Watershed. The integrated intervention targets the
whole area from the upstream catchments to down stream
command within the same Micro Watershed in order to
prevent erosion from upstream slopes and sedimentation
in the down steam water bodies.
Under this component various soil & water conservation
measures like check dams, WHS, farm pond, dug well,
gully control structures, field building, masonry canal,
land development, trench, stone bunding, plantation etc.
are being implemented for better soil and water
management, providing life saving irrigation,
stabilization of gully etc thus enhancing the production
and productivity. |
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(3) Agriculture and Horticulture Development: |
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Gajapati district of Odisha is considered as one of the
poorest region in the country. Agriculture and forest
based activities are the primary contribution of the
economy of the region. Main reasons for low productivity
in agriculture in this region are traditional
agricultural practices, lack of awareness,
inaccessibility for Government and resource agencies,
inadequate irrigation facilities, uneconomic size of
holding (most of the farmers are small and marginal),
lack of market support, low input in agriculture etc. In
the coming year’s rapid agricultural growth will be the
key to poverty alleviation and overall economic
development. The increase in agricultural production
will mainly come from the growth in productivity. If
these objectives are to be achieved agriculture
extension will have to play a key role in ensuring
widespread adoption of appropriate technology. Extension
effort will have to driven by farmers’ needs. These will
have to be location specific and address diversified
demands, as farmers will be required to adopt a wide
range of inputs and practices and develop skill in their
efficient use. Extension effort will have to focus on
obtaining remunerative prices for farm produce,
equipping farmers with the latest knowledge on post
harvest management, marketing of agricultural produces
and value addition. Agricultural extension promotes the
development of farming sector by providing farmers
information, training and support for adopting improved
production technologies. During planning of watershed
development villagers of all villages demanded to
provide adequate information and training on
agriculture. |
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To use it as a demonstration centre on
agriculture, horticulture, soil and water
conservation measures, livestock promotion and
different non-farm activities; |
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To provide/make available various inputs
like seeds, organic manure, pesticides,
seedling, agriculture implement etc; |
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To provide market information and
discriminate to grass root level; |
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Development of male and female master
farmers and community live stock worker; |
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To develop linkage with resource agencies
and different government schemes etc; |
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(4) Livestock and Aquaculture Production: |
The poor tribal also rears domestic animals and birds
such as cattle, goats, poultry, duck etc. to supplement
their livelihood portfolio. For above the programme
taking up smaller activities such as providing the basic
infrastructure facilities, rearing techniques,
vaccination etc. for delivery of these services each MWS
will be equipped with in minimum equipment such as
Veterinary kit, Vaccination kit, deep freeze, thermos
flask, sterilization equipment etc.
Aquaculture can be taken
as an innovation in the programme area. Since the going
is to develop the water resources in the shape of ponds,
farm ponds, percolation tanks, WHS etc. aquaculture will
be promoted by utilizing these assets. The above assets
will be used by the concerned user groups, the woman
organized in Self Help Groups will be given preference
in using these assets to have a collective approach in
aquaculture to increase their group as well as family
income. |
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(5) Rural Finance Services: |
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It is an important component of the programme. This can
support the entire sub component under production
enhancement system. It is directly meet the credit gap
of the poor tribal households. The production system
requires some kind of investment in terms of seeds,
fertiliser, raw materials, labour etc. expect home saved
inputs and his family labours. The poor tribal is not
able to invest anything more because of non availability
of financial resources which results in low yield/
production and low income. This component would
facilitate the poor households to meet the critical
credit needs either for production and consumption. The
resources under this component will be routed through
the village development Committee to the SHG. Thus it
will facilitate the internal lending within the group
and will also increase the financial base of the group,
which will facilitate linkages with financial
institutions. The group as a whole can also take credit
from this fund for small income generating activities. |
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(6) Participatory Forest Management: |
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Govt. of Odisha has clarified that the existing JFM
approach would be adopted under the OTELP. In PFM the
integral linkage is between forest area and livelihoods
of tribal community, it is envisaged that this component
may cover about 200 Ha. of Reserve Forest under each
Micro Watershed in addition to treatable area of 500 Ha.
The existing VSS in the programme villages within and
adjacent to the identified forest area will be mobilised
and additional VSS should be constituted wherever
necessary. The above component executed under Joint
Forest Management guideline. A Micro Plan for
Participatory Forest Management should be prepared by
the VSS member and the Range Officers should be provide
possible technical guidance to the VSS, the Micro Plan
will be duly approved as per the JFM Resolution of the
State Government. The approved Micro Plan will be
executed by the VSS member and forest field staff should
be provide technical guidance and supervision. Out of
total 200 ha. of allocated forest area about 80 ha. will
be effectively treated @ Rs.7000/- per Ha. cost norm
followed by the Forest and Environment Department for
rehabilitation of degraded forests and balance 120
Ha. will be protected by the communities for the natural
regeneration. The VSS identification of forest area to
be developed will start from the 2nd year of the
programme cycle and investment will start from 3rd year
of the programme cycle. The following indicative
approaches may be adopted for treatment of participatory
forest management; Artificial regeneration of forest with preferred species
of plants in selected gaps. The approach would be
adopted in 80 Ha. of the proposed area in a given MWS.
The approach would covered generation of new plantation,
soil and moisture conservation measures and protection
through social fencing including wages to watch man.
The natural generation of existing forest species
through social fencing, this approach is adopted in the
remaining 120 Ha. area particularly in those lands which
are having satisfactory root stock. |
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(7) Community Infrastructure Fund: |
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This fund is allocated at the community level in order
to finance community infrastructure identified by the
committee. The objective is to fill the critical gaps
for small and remote communities which may not be
covered under any other Rural Infrastructure Development Programme. The Community Infrastructure Fund should be
utilize through demand driven approach with active
involvement of the community. The priority activities
under this component; |
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Improving the linkages to market for
those communities which are producing
significant surplus, particularly during the
monsoon season. |
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Reducing the workload of women by
ensuring supply of safe drinking water close
to the habitations. |
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Improving the access to food supply
through PDS. |
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Child care. |
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Health care. |
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Supplementing educational
infrastructure. |
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(8) Development Initiative Fund: |
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This is a provision of an additional funding to provide
the flexibility to address to areas of demand as
expressed by communities through the participatory
process and also to supplement those component /
interventions of the programme yielding very good
results. It will also enable the communities to
implement activities which are not accommodated in other
available components within the programme. The fund will
also ensure better targeting of the households which are
traditionally left out, including landless, destitute,
disables and those who are unable to be part of the SHG
or other income generating activities. |
