Location:
Malkangiri district is situated between 810 22 1
to 82 0 25 1 East Longitude and 17 0 40 1 to 180 431
North Latitude. The district situated in south Orissa,
is predominantly a tribal district. Consequent upon the
bifurcation of Koraput district (Undivided) into four
districts, Malkangiri district came into existence with
effect form October2, 1992. The district with its
rolling mountains, undulating, meadows, enchanting
waterfalls, springs and terraced vallies, attracts the
attention of the outsiders. For many, the district is a
museum of nature and human endeavors, which are,
reflected through production of power from falling
water. The 3000 feet plateau and the valley of the
Machhkund dominates the landscape of the district. The
southern part of the district is at an elevation level
varying form 800 feet to 4000 feet. The rocky wooded
hill system and vast jungle are observed in various
parts of the district. |
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The
total geographical area of the district is
divided into Seven Tahail and seven community
Development Blocks. The district has 933 inhabited
villages distributed over 108 numbers of Gram Panchayat,
It shares 3,72 Per cent of the total geographical areas
of the state. The rural population of the district
accounts to the time of 93.79, seems that the district
is less urban in characteristics. Of the total state
forest area the district accounts 577 percent
(1999-2000). The Census of India 2011 reflects that the
sex ratio of the district is 996 females per 1000 males,
is at higher level when compared with may other
districts and it is even above the state average of 972.
The density of population pr sq km, is the second lowest
(83), reflects that the population is very thinly
distributed compared to all other districts of the
state. The geographical inaccessibility along with the
thin distribution of population in the district many
times creates unreached pockets and people to cover
under different basic developmental schemes of the
government.
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Ethnic Groups (Tribal
Communities): The Predominant tribal
communities of the district are the Bondos, Koyas,
Bhumias, Parajas, Kondhas, godabas, didayis, Matias ,Dharuas,
and Halvas, Most the tribal communities of the district
maintain their distinct socio cultural boundaries which
are reflected in language, dresses, customs, taboos,
food patterns etc. their unstable and subsistence
economy is largely contributed by forest, animal
husbandry and shifting cultivation. Many of these groups
are in transition. The changing characteristics of these
communities are effected in their languages who have
adopted Oriya and Telugu dress and ornaments. Here an
attempt has been made to briefly describe few
numerically and socio culturally distinct tribal
communities of the district. |
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Tribal Dialects: The Banda and Didayi
is the main primitive tribe is popularly increase name
of Malkangiri district. the district is very backward
due to the fact that the tribal people speak various
languages and dialects, some of the dialects in popular
use do not have scripts of their own. The language of
the Koya tribe is said to be a dialect of Gondi, gonds
and Koyas belong to the great Gond family. The dodabas
or the Gotub of Mundari group language, which also
certain some. Savara words are spoken by the Parjas and
the Bondas and have also influenced the languages of
some Paraja tribe. The adherence to the local dialects
by the tribal people has minimized their access into the
mainstream development largely influenced by the
dominant Oriya language. |
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Evolving of tribal Development:The
10th plan presented special policy frame for the
all-round development of the tribal sub plan. Therefore
an autonomous body was conceived with it status as ITDA.
The Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA),
Malkangiri is functioning since 1975 and has been
registered under socity Registration act vide
Registration No. 15052/79. |
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